Alternatives to SQL

A distinction should be made between alternatives to relational query languages and alternatives to SQL. Below are proposed relational alternatives to SQL. See navigational database for alternatives to relational:


.QL - object-oriented Datalog
4D Query Language (4D QL)
Datalog
HTSQL - URL based query method
IBM Business System 12 (IBM BS12) - one of the first fully relational database management systems, introduced in 1982
ISBL
Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL) - The query language used by the Java Persistence API in Java EE5 and Hibernate persistence library
LINQ
Object Query Language
QBE (Query By Example) created by Moshè Zloof, IBM 1977
Quel introduced in 1974 by the U.C. Berkeley Ingres project.
Tutorial D
XQuery